Enhanced wideband transceiver

ABSTRACT

A method for operating an integrated transceiver, comprising coupling an operating transmitter and an operating receiver within the integrated wideband receiver, inputting a signal into the operating transmitter, performing a first conversion of the signal, wherein the signal is converted into a second signal, transmitting the second signal into the operating receiver, performing a second conversion of the signal, wherein the signal is converted into a third signal, transmitting the third signal into the operating transmitter, and adjusting the operating transmitter.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/325,557, filed Dec. 14, 2011 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,489,033, entitled“ENHANCED WIDEBAND TRANSCEIVER,” which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/052,752, filed Mar. 21, 2011 now U.S. Pat. No.8,099,058, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/963,385, filed Dec. 21, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,929,917, all ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX

Not applicable.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to integrated widebandtransceivers and, more particularly, to a device and method for sharingthe components of an operational receiver with an operationaltransmitter.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wideband transceivers typically contain both transmitters and receivers.Transmitters are used to take a signal from a communication device,generate a high power signal (e.g., amplify the signal) that can betransmitted from the communication device to a destination, and thenpropagate the signal away from the transmitter to the destination.Receivers take a signal that has been transmitted from a destination andpass the signal to the communication device.

One of the problems with existing amplification systems is therequirement for a separate feedback receiver within the transmittercomponent. A separate feedback receiver is generally needed in thetransmitter component so that the operation of the transmitter may beadjusted. The requirement of a feedback receiver increases the boardarea, cost, and power consumption of the transmitter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed herein is an integrated wideband transceiver system,comprising a signal processor, an integrated wideband transceivercoupled to the signal processor, wherein the integrated widebandtransceiver comprises a receiver and a transmitter, and wherein thereceiver and transmitter are coupled together, and wherein the couplingof the receiver and the transmitter creates a closed loop, and whereinthe closed loop allows the transmitter to pass a signal through at leastpart of the receiver, and a transmission unit coupled to the integratedwideband transceiver. The transmission unit may be an antenna and thesignal processor is a communication device. The at least part of thereceiver may comprise an RF/Baseband conversion element. The closed loopmay be a feedback loop. The closed loop may be a training loop for thetransmitter. The transmitter may contain a digital to analog conversion.The receiver may contain an analog to digital conversion.

Also disclosed herein is a method for operating an integratedtransceiver, comprising coupling an operating transmitter and anoperating receiver within the integrated wideband receiver, inputting asignal into the operating transmitter, performing a first conversion ofthe signal, wherein the signal is converted into a second signal,transmitting the second signal into the operating receiver, performing asecond conversion of the signal, wherein the signal is converted into athird signal, transmitting the third signal into the operatingtransmitter, and adjusting the operating transmitter.

Further disclosed herein is a method of operating an integratedtransceiver, comprising operating a transceiver, wherein the transceivercomprises both a transmitter and receiver, and wherein the uplink anddownlink signal are operated in a time duplex domain, accepting atransmitter signal from a source into the transmitter, preparing thetransmitter signal for transmission by the transmitter, passing at leastpart of the prepared transmitter signal into the receiver, sampling theprepared transmitter signal during time when the transmitter is activeto form a sampled signal, passing the sampled signal through thereceiver to create a received sampled signal; and passing the receivedsampled signal into the transmitter.

Further disclosed herein is a method of operating an integratedtransceiver, comprising operating a transceiver, wherein the transceivercomprises both a transmitter and receiver, and wherein the uplink anddownlink signal are operated in a frequency duplex domain, accepting atransmitter signal from a source into the transmitter, preparing thetransmitter signal for transmission by the transmitter, passing at leastpart of the transmitter signal into the receiver, wherein the receivermonitors both the transmitting frequency domain and the receivingfrequency domain, detecting the transmission of the transmitter signalfrom the transmitter, and creating a sampled signal from the detectedtransmitter signal, passing the sampled signal through the receiver tocreate a received sampled signal, and passing the received sample signalinto the transmitter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system comprising anenhanced wideband transceiver.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an enhanced wideband transceiver.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an enhanced wideband transceiverillustrating the transmitter and the receiver.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an enhanced wideband transceiverillustrating one embodiment of the connections between the transmitterand the receiver.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an enhanced wideband transceiverillustrating another embodiment of the connections between thetransmitter and the receiver.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an enhanced wideband transceiverillustrating yet another embodiment of the connections between thetransmitter and the receiver.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an enhanced wideband transceiverillustrating yet another embodiment of the connections between thetransmitter and the receiver.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of one example of a baseband to radiofrequency up conversion element.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a second example of a baseband to radiofrequency up conversion element.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of one example of a radio frequency tobaseband down conversion element.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a second example of a radio frequency tobaseband down conversion element.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of one implementation of the enhancedwideband receiver using a time division duplex radio operation.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of one implementation of the enhancedwideband receiver using frequency division duplex radio operation.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of another implementation of the enhancedwideband receiver using frequency division duplex radio operation.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a base station unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

It should be understood at the outset that although an exemplaryimplementation of one embodiment of the present disclosure isillustrated below, the present system may be implemented using anynumber of techniques, whether currently known or in existence. Thepresent disclosure should in no way be limited to the exemplaryimplementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, includingthe exemplary design and implementation illustrated and describedherein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claimsalong with their full scope of equivalents. It is further understoodthat as used herein, terms such as “coupled,” “connected,” “electricallyconnected,” “in signal communication,” and the like may include directconnections between components, indirect connections between components,or both, as would be apparent in the overall context of a particularembodiment. The term “coupled” is intended to include, but not belimited to, a direct or indirect electrical connection. The terms pass,passing, transmit, transmitted, or transmitting is intended to include,but not be limited to, the electrical transmission of a signal from onedevice to another. In some embodiments, the present disclosure alsocontains embodiments directed at waveforms of a complex nature (real andimaginary components) as commonly used in digital modulation schemessuch as Phase-shift Keying (mPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(mQAM), wherein the ‘m’ in both mPSK and mQAM is any integer. In someother embodiments, the present disclosure also contains embodimentsdirected to systems employing scalar signals.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present disclosure contemplates an integratedwideband transceiver system 10 comprising an integrated widebandtransceiver 12 coupled to both a communication device 14 and an antenna16. The integrated wideband transceiver 12 comprises an operationaltransmitter 30 and an operational receiver 32. In this embodiment,integrated wideband transceiver 12 is capable of sending and receivingsignals from both communication device 14 and antenna 16. One of theinnovative features of integrated wideband transceiver 12 is that ratherthan operational transmitter 30 and operational receiver 32 being twounconnected elements, operational transmitter 30 and operationalreceiver 32 are coupled together so as to enable a signal to be passedfrom operational transmitter 30 through operational receiver 32 and backinto operational transmitter 30. This configuration permits the useoperational receiver 32, already present within integrated widebandtransceiver 12, as part of a feedback loop for operational transmitter30. Therefore, no separate receiver feedback loop is required foroperational transmitter 30. This reduces the cost and complexity ofintegrated wideband transceiver 12.

Communication device 14 is any device capable of sending or receivingany kind of signal, including analog and digital signals. It isexpressly contemplated that communication device 14 may containcomponents substantially similar to those found in a mobile terminal orhandset, a mobile telephone base station, a computer, or any otherdevice capable of creating, altering, sending, or receiving signals. Itis further contemplated that one or more communication devices may bepresent consistent with communication device 14. For instance,communication device 14 may actually compose two or more separatedevices, such as a signal generator and a signal receiver. The instanceof a single element illustrating communication device 14 is given forexemplary purposes only and should not be construed as limiting.

Antenna 16 is depicted as an antenna array mounted to a tower, it isexpressly understood that antenna 16 could be selected from a groupcomprising one or more duplexers, filters, antennas, or any combinationthereof. The term “antenna” is intended to refer to any device that cantransmit, receive, filter, propagate, or otherwise transfer a signalfrom one destination to another. As with communication device 14 it isexpressly contemplated that one or more antennas may be used consistentwith the present disclosure, and the single element of antenna 16 isshown for exemplary purposes only and should not be construed aslimiting.

Integrated wideband transceiver 12 comprises operational transmitter 30coupled to the operational receiver 32. The use of the term“operational” is, in some embodiments, intended to denote the functionof operational transmitter 30 and operational receiver 32. While bothoperational transmitter 30 and operational receiver 32 send and receivesignals, the function of operational transmitter 30 within integratedwideband transceiver 12 is to prepare and convey a signal fromcommunication device 14 and the function of operational receiver 32 isto receive and prepare a signal for communication device 14.

For instance, in some embodiments, operational transmitter 30 willreceive an unprepared outgoing signal from communication device 14,prepare the signal to be transmitted, and then transmit the preparedoutgoing signal to antenna 16. Consistent with this embodiment, theoperational receiver 32 will receive an unprepared incoming signal fromantenna 16, prepare the signal to be transmitted to communication device14, and then transmit the signal to communication device 14. The use ofthe term “prepare” is intended to refer to any manipulation of a signalby any element within operational transmitter 30 and the operationalreceiver 32, including, but not limited to, the application of a filter,a mixer, a digital to analog conversion, an analog to digitalconversion, an amplification, or other manipulation or change to thesignal.

The coupling of operational transmitter 30 and operational receiver 32permits a signal to be passed from operational transmitter 30 intooperational receiver 32 and back into operational transmitter 30. Forexample, operational transmitter 30 transmits an operational transmitterfeedback signal into operational receiver 32, and operational receiver32 transmits an operational receiver feedback signal into operationaltransmitter 30. It is explicitly understood that the passing of theoperational transmitter feedback signal and the operational receiverfeedback signal creates a closed loop. It is further explicitlyunderstood that the closed loop created by the operational transmitterfeedback signal and the operational receiver feedback signal may be usedby operational transmitter 30, for any purpose, including, but notlimited to, training, adaptive training, linearization, or any otherpurpose known to one skilled in the art.

While integrated wideband transceiver 12, communication device 14 andantenna 16 are illustrated as separate devices, it is expresslyunderstood that they may be integrated into a single device. Forinstance, a mobile phone may have integrated wideband transceiver 12,communication device 14 and antenna 16 all integrated into a singlehousing. The scope of this disclosure should not be limited by theillustrative representation of integrated wideband transceiver 12,communication device 14, and antenna 16 as separate devices

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an integrated wideband transceiver 12illustrating the coupling of operational transmitter 30 and operationalreceiver 32. In this figure, integrated wideband transceiver 12,operational transmitter 30, and operational receiver 32 are coupledtogether with first transmitter output 34 and first receiver output 36.Operational transmitter 30 also has a transmitter input 38 and a secondtransmitter output 42. Operational receiver 32 has a receiver input 44and a second receiver output 40. It is contemplated that transmitterinput 38 and second receiver output 40 may connect to the samecommunication device 14 or two or more communication devices. It isfurther contemplated that second transmitter output 42 and receiverinput 44 may connect to antenna 16, two or more antennas, one or moreduplexers, or one or more filters.

In the block diagram of FIG. 2, the signal paths used to transmit theoperational transmitter feedback signal and the operational receiverfeedback signal are illustrated. In this embodiment, first transmitteroutput 34 is used to transmit the operational transmitter feedbacksignal into operational receiver 32. Also in this embodiment, firstreceiver output 36 is used to transmit operational receiver feedbacksignal from operational receiver 32 into operational transmitter 30.

One of the innovative elements disclosed by FIG. 2 is the creation of aclosed loop using first transmitter output 34 and first receiver output36. The first half of the closed loop is created by feeding the outputfrom operational transmitter 30 through first transmitter output 34 intooperational receiver 32. The second half of the closed loop is createdby feeding the output from operational receiver 32 through firstreceiver output 36 into transmitter. Examples of specific locations ofinput and output are shown in FIGS. 3-7. This closed loop is used byoperational transmitter 30 as a feedback loop.

One of the problems with existing amplification systems is therequirement of separate feedback receivers within the transmitter. Afeedback receiver is generally needed in a transmitter so that thetransmitter may be adjusted so as to operate properly. Adjustmentsinclude, but are not limited to, the training of the amplifier. Thesefeedback receivers are generally integrated into the transmitter and areoperated separately from other elements, such as the receiver, withinthe transceiver. The requirement of a separate feedback receiverincreases the board area, cost, and power consumption of thetransmitter. In addition, the feedback receiver increases the number ofparts required for operation which introduces another level ofdifficulty involved in meeting linearity requirements within theguidelines of existing standards. One of the advantages of the presentdisclosure is that the closed loop created may be used instead of afeedback receiver.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating elements within the operationaltransmitter 30 and the operational receiver 32. This figure is intendedas an orientation for the components contained within operationaltransmitter 30 and operational receiver 32. It should be expresslyunderstood that in this figure, as in other figures, each of theelements is coupled together and may be repositioned in any way known toone skilled in the art. The specific order illustrated in any figuretherefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of thisdisclosure.

The operational transmitter 30 of FIG. 3 comprises a digital basebanddigital baseband pre-distortion 60, a baseband to radio frequency upconversion device 62, and a power amplifier 64. The digital basebandpre-distortion 60 takes a signal from transmitter input 38 and preparesthe signal for baseband up conversion. This preparation may take theform of introducing distortion that will adjust for any effect, such asnon-linearity, of baseband to radio frequency up conversion device 62and power amplifier 64. Baseband to radio frequency up conversion device62 is used to prepare the signal for amplification, and may include adigital to analog conversion. Examples of baseband to radio frequency upconversion device 62 are shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. Power amplifier 64is used to amplify the signal from baseband to radio frequency upconversion device 62 and prepare the signal for transmission by antenna16.

The operational receiver 32 comprises a low noise amplifier (LNA) 70coupled to radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68 and adigital baseband 66. LNA 70 accepts a signal from receiver input 44 andamplifies the signal for radio frequency to baseband down conversiondevice 68. Radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68 is usedto prepare the signal for demodulation or digital processing and mayinclude an analog to digital conversion. Examples of radio frequency tobaseband down conversion device 68 are shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11.Digital baseband 66 is used to digitally process the signal from radiofrequency to baseband down conversion device 68 and prepare the signalfor reception by communication device 14.

FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7 describe various elements of how a signal may bepassed between operational transmitter 30 and operational receiver 32.FIG. 4 illustrates where a signal may be taken from operationaltransmitter 30. FIG. 5 illustrates where a signal may be injected intooperational receiver 32. FIG. 6 illustrates where a signal may be takenfrom operational receiver 32. FIG. 7 illustrates where a signal may beinjected into operational transmitter 30. In each one of these examples,various elements are illustrated as taking or receiving a signal. It isexpressly understood that these examples may be combined in any wayknown by one skilled in the art, and in any order. For instance, inorder to create a loop, a signal will be taken (as illustrated by FIG.4) from operational transmitter 30, a signal will be injected into (asillustrated by FIG. 5) into operational receiver 32, a signal will betaken from operational receiver 32 (as illustrated by FIG. 6), and asignal will be injected back into operational transmitter 30 (asillustrated by FIG. 7). The points where a signal may be taken orinjected may be selected from any one point or combination of pointsillustrated in any of the disclosed figures or known by one skilled inthe art. It is expressly contemplated that a signal may also be drawnfrom elements not expressly shown (such as other amplifiers, filters,mixers) consistent with this disclosure.

As is disclosed by FIGS. 4-7, it is generally preferable in someembodiments to transmit an analog signal from operational transmitter 30into operational receiver 32. It is also generally preferable in someembodiments to transmit a digital signal from operational receiver 32into operational transmitter 30. Therefore, in these embodiments, at anypoint after a signal is transformed into an analog signal in operationaltransmitter 30, it can be sampled and transmitted to operationalreceiver 32. In addition, at any point that a signal is transformed intoa digital signal in operational receiver 32 it can be sampled andtransmitted into operational transmitter 30. It is expressly understoodthat while some preferred embodiments are disclosed, the addition ofelements capable of using digital or analog signals may be added tooperational receiver 32 and/or operational transmitter 30 removing therequirement to transform the digital and/or analog signal prior totransmitting the signal. It is therefore expressly understood that thesignal which is found in operational transmitter 30 may be passed intooperational receiver 32 at any point, and that the signal which is foundin operational receiver 32 may be passed into operational transmitter 30at any point.

In FIG. 4, first transmitter output 34 is disclosed as being taken fromoperational transmitter at locations which, in some embodiments, mayinclude baseband to radio frequency up conversion device 62, a point inbetween baseband to radio frequency up conversion device 62 and poweramplifier 64, power amplifier 64, or a point in between power amplifier64 and antenna 16. It is expressly understood that first transmitteroutput 34 may be drawn from a single point or a combination of points.It is further expressly understood that first transmitter output 34 maybe taken from other elements that may be added to operationaltransmitter 30, including, but not limited to other amplifiers, filters,mixers, or other elements. While it is expressly understood that it ispreferable to draw an analog signal from operational transmitter 30 itis understood that a digital signal may also be drawn from operationaltransmitter 30.

In FIG. 5, first transmitter output 34 is disclosed as being injectedinto operational receiver 32 at locations which, in some embodiments,may include radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68, apoint in-between radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68and LNA 70, LNA 70, or a point in between LNA 70 and antenna 16. It isexpressly understood that first transmitter output 34 may be injectedinto a single point or a combination of points. It is further expresslyunderstood that first transmitter output 34 may be injected into otherelements that may be added to operational receiver 32, including, butnot limited to other amplifiers, filters, mixers, or other elements.While it is expressly understood that it is preferable to inject ananalog signal into operational receiver 32 it is understood that adigital signal may also be injected into operational receiver 32.

In FIG. 6, first receiver output 36 is disclosed as being taken fromoperational receiver 32 at locations which, in some embodiments, mayinclude a point in-between communication device 14 and digital baseband66, digital baseband 66, a point in-between digital baseband 66 andradio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68, or radiofrequency to baseband down conversion device 68. It is expresslyunderstood that first receiver output 36 may be drawn from a singlepoint or a combination of points. It is further expressly understoodthat first receiver output 36 may be taken from other elements that maybe added to operational receiver 32, including, but not limited to otheramplifiers, filters, mixers, or other elements. While it is expresslyunderstood that it is preferable to draw a digital signal fromoperational receiver 32 it is understood that an analog signal may alsobe drawn from operational receiver 32.

In FIG. 7, first receiver output 36 is disclosed as being injected intooperational transmitter 30 at locations which, in some embodiments, mayinclude a point in-between digital baseband pre-distortion 60 andcommunication device 14, digital baseband pre-distortion 60, a pointin-between digital baseband pre-distortion 60 and baseband to radiofrequency up conversion device 62, or baseband to radio frequency upconversion device 62. It is expressly understood that first receiveroutput 36 may be injected into a single point or a combination ofpoints. It is further expressly understood that first receiver output 36may be injected into other elements that may be added to operationaltransmitter 30, including, but not limited to other amplifiers, filters,mixers, or other elements. While it is expressly understood that it ispreferable to inject a digital signal into operational transmitter 30 itis understood that an analog signal may also be injected intooperational transmitter 30.

While not explicitly shown, in each embodiment disclosed herein theremay be a digital or analog signal converter or signal joiner at eachjunction where one or more signals are joined or split. This may be donefor any purpose known to one skilled in the art, including, but notlimited to, ensure that signals are properly joined or adjusting thestrength of a signal prior to being joined or split. While thesecomponents are not explicitly shown, it is expressly understood thatthey may be present at any intersection of signals.

While in each example a single line is shown creating a signalconnection between two or more components, it is expressly understoodthat any number of dissimilar connections may exist between anyconnected components. It is expressly understood therefore that eachconnection may contain a plurality of similar or dissimilar connections.These connections may be coupled through one or more physicalconnections.

FIGS. 3-7 are intended to be exemplary only. It is expressly understoodthat there are any number of different ways to connect operationaltransmitter 30 and operational receiver 32. The examples given are forexemplary purposes only.

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are examples of different embodiments of baseband toradio frequency up conversion device 62 which may be used in operationaltransmitter 30. It is expressly understood that any kind baseband toradio frequency up conversion device 62 may be used, and the embodimentsillustrated by FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are given for exemplary purposes only.

In the embodiment shown by FIG. 8, the system 90 of baseband to radiofrequency up conversion device 62 and power amplifier 64 includes atransmit channelizer 92 receiving coded I and Q digital baseband signalinputs, wherein in this embodiment predistortion occurs after transmitchannelizer 92. The I and Q digital inputs each typically comprise astream of samples (or chips) representing a digital value, or wordhaving n bits. The sample rate (or chip rate) of the I and Q inputs tothe channelizer 92 is determined in accordance with the technologyand/or standard utilized (e.g., CDMA (IS-95) is 1.2288 Mcps, UMTS is3.84 Mcps, etc.). As will be appreciated, the processing, generation andfunctionality utilized to generate the I and Q digital signals that areinput to the channelizer 92 are not shown or described. This is known tothose of ordinary skill in the art. In general terms, the digital datais processed by encoding, interleaving, converting, and spreading (usingany coding scheme including, but not limited to, orthogonal codes,psuedo-random (PN codes), and Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM)) to generate the I and Q digital baseband signals (often referredto as samples at a particular sampling rate).

It will be understood that the modulation and/or coding scheme utilizedin the present invention is not limited to quadrature (I and Q)modulation or coding, and other modulation or coding techniques may beutilized with modifications to the present disclosure. In addition, theI and Q signals may relate to a single carrier or multiple (1 to N)carriers.

The transmit channelizer 92 receives baseband information in the form ofI and Q digital samples (having n bits per sample) and tunes, combines,and up-converts the signals to a higher sampling frequency (or rate),usually thirty-two times the chip frequency (32Fc). The transmitchannelizer 92 may also process the signals relative to pulse shaping,power control and peak power reduction, etc. The I and Q digital signalsoutput from the transmit channelizer 92 are input to firstdigital-to-analog converter 94 and second digial-to-analog converter 96to generate I and Q analog signals. The output, in some embodiments,from any point after first digital-to-analog converter 94 and seconddigital-to-analog converter 96 can be used as an input for operationalreceiver 32. Prior to input to an analog quadrature modulator 100, the Iand Q analog signals are processed by an I/Q adjustment block 98 thatperforms filtering functions to remove any undesirable signal imagesand/or imperfections caused by the digital-to-analog conversion process.

The analog quadrature modulator 100 receives the I and Q analog signalsand uses them to modulate an RF carrier signal (in-phase carrier andquadrature carrier (ninety degrees out of phase)) generated from a localoscillator (LO) 102 to output a combined and modulated RF carriersignal. The frequency of the RF carrier is determined in accordance withthe desired carrier frequency designated by the technology, standardand/or allocated frequency spectrum (e.g., ranges around 850 MHz(IS-95), 1.9 GHz (PCS), 2.1 GHz (UMTS), etc.).

The modulated RF carrier output from the analog quadrature modulator 100is further processed with analog amplifier 106, attenuation 108, andamplifier 110, which may include amplification, attenuation, andfiltering functionality as desired (not shown in detail). The outputfrom amplifier 110 is input to a bandpass filter 112 that eliminates anyspurious signals outside the RF band of interest (RF carrier bandwidthor allocation bandwidth for a multi-carrier transmitter). Apre-amplifier 114 amplifies the bandpass-filtered modulated RF carriersignal for input to the power amplifier 64 and eventual output toantenna 16.

FIG. 9 is another embodiment of a transmission system 130 including thebaseband to radio frequency up conversion device 62 and the poweramplifier 64. The transmission system 130 includes a transmitchannelizer 132, that is the same or similar to the transmit channelizer92 shown in FIG. 8. The I and Q digital signals may be those associatedwith a single communications channel (or single user, e.g.,communications signal transmitted from a wireless subscriber handset), agroup of communications channels (or multiple users, e.g.,communications signals transmitted from a base station, or multiplesubscriber or data channels). In addition, the transmission system 130may support single or multiple carriers and multiple standards. As willbe appreciated, the term digital baseband signals may refer to theinputs to the channelizer 132 and/or the outputs of the channelizer 132(and any intermediate digital signals in the upconversion and modulationprocess prior to achieving the modulated intermediate frequency (IF)signals). Accordingly, it will be understood that the digitalup-converter (described below) may also include the channelizer 132.

The I and Q digital outputs of the transmit channelizer 132 are input toa digital up-converter 136 having its output (modulated digital IFsignals) thereof input to a digital (digital-to-digital) sigma-deltamodulator 138. The outputs of the digital sigma-delta modulator 138 areinput to a high speed digital multiplexer 142. A local oscillator (LO)140 generates a local oscillator or clocking signal at a desiredfrequency (usually a multiple of the carrier frequency, includingnon-integer multiples of the carrier frequency) to multiplex the signalsinput to the multiplexer 142. The output, in some embodiments, from anypoint after multiplexer 142 can be used as an input for operationalreceiver 32. The output of the multiplexer 142 is a single bit streamoutput that is filtered by a bandpass filter 144 that converts the bitstream to analog format and further processes the signal. A moredetailed discussion of the transformation of the digital to analogtransformation may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,987,953 which is herebyincorporated by reference.

As illustrated by FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the baseband to radio frequency upconversion device 62 may be implemented in any way known to one skilledin the art. In these cases, a conventional digital analog conversionmodule may not be required, as disclosed by various methods. It isexpressly understood that the signal which is found in operationaltransmitter 30 may be passed into operational receiver 32 at any point.It is further expressly understood that the output may be taken from PA64, however it is understood that the signal may be taken at a pointwithin baseband to radio frequency up conversion device 62 after thesignal had been converted into an analog signal.

FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are examples of different embodiments of the radiofrequency to baseband down conversion device 68 of operational receiver32. It is expressly understood that any kind of receiver may be used,and the embodiments illustrated by FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are shown toillustrate that a signal may be drawn or inserted at various placesthroughout the radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68.

FIG. 10 is a receiver system 150 comprising LNA 70 and one embodiment ofthe radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68 of operationalreceiver 32. The receiver system 150 receives an RF signal on a receiverantenna (e.g., antenna 16) for input to a LNA 70. The amplified RFsignal is filtered, attenuated and amplified again by the componentsidentified by reference numerals 152 and 154. The frequency of the RFsignal is determined in accordance with the desired carrier frequencydesignated by the technology, standard, and/or allocated frequencyspectrum (e.g., ranges around 850 MHz (IS-95), 1.9 GHz (PCS), 2.1 GHz(UMTS), etc.).

An analog quadrature demodulator 158 receives the RF signal anddemodulates the signal using in-phase and quadrature carrier signalsgenerated from a local oscillator (LO) 156. It will be understood thatthe demodulation and/or decoding scheme utilized in the presentinvention is not limited to quadrature (I and Q) demodulation ordecoding, and other demodulation or decoding techniques may be utilizedwith modifications to the present invention. In addition, the I and Qsignals may relate to a single carrier or multiple (1 to N) carriers.

The demodulated I and Q analog signals are subsequently processed by lowpass filters 160, 162, amplifiers 164, 166, tunable low pass filters168, 170 (functioning to select one or more carriers), and/or low passfilters 172, 174. The demodulated I and Q analog signals are input toanalog-to-digital converters 176, 178 to generate I and Q digitalsignals. The output from analog-to-digital converters 176, 178 may beused as the output for operational receiver 32 that can be input intothe operational transmitter 30. The I and Q digital output signals eachtypically comprise a stream of samples representing a digital value, orword having n bits. At this point, the I and Q digital signals aretypically operating at a sampling frequency (or rate) that is somemultiple (integer or non integer) of the symbol rate, which may bethirty-two times the chip frequency (32Fc). A different frequency orrate for the I and Q signals output from the A/D converters 176, 178 maybe desired and/or utilized.

The demodulated I and Q digital signals (at a rate higher than the chiprate or frequency) are input to a receive channelizer 180. The receivechannelizer 180 further downconverts and filters/selects the I and Qsignals to generate individual channels (or carriers) of I and Q digitalbaseband signals. The sample rate (or chip rate or frequency) of the Iand Q outputs from the receive channelizer 180 is generally determinedin accordance with the technology and/or standard utilized (e.g., CDMA(IS-95) is 1.2288 Mcps, UMTS is 3.84 Mcps, or a multiple thereof, etc.).In general terms, the receive channelizer 180 receives I and Q digitalsamples (having n bits per sample) and tunes, downconverts, andseparates the signals to a lower sampling frequency (or rate), usuallyequal to a multiple of the chip rate or chip frequency (Fc). The receivechannelizer 180 may also process the signals to measure power or injectnoise.

As will be appreciated, the processing, generation and functionalityutilized to further process and recover the received data from the I andQ digital signals that are output from the receive channelizer 180 arenot shown or described. This is known to those of ordinary skill in theart. In general terms, the digital data is further processed byde-spreading (using any coding scheme including, but not limited to,orthogonal codes, psuedo-random (PN codes), and Orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)) de-interleaving, and decoding togenerate the received data.

With reference to FIG. 11, there is shown a block diagram of anexemplary digital receiver system 190 comprising LNA 70 and radiofrequency to baseband down conversion device 68. As with the previousexample, the I and Q digital signals (or other types of signals,depending on the modulation scheme utilized) may be those associatedwith a single communications channel (or single user, e.g.,communications signal transmitted from a wireless subscriber handset), agroup of communications channels (or multiple users, e.g.,communications signals transmitted from a base station, or multiplesubscriber or data channels). In addition, the digital receiver system190 of the present invention may support single or multiple carriers andmultiple standards. As will be appreciated, the term digital basebandsignals may refer to the outputs from a channelizer 204 and/or theinputs to the channelizer 204 (and any intermediate digital signals inthe down conversion process after demodulation of the intermediatefrequency (IF) signals). Accordingly, it will be understood that thedigital down-converter (described below) may also include thechannelizer 204.

The description of the elements in FIG. 11 illustrates a signal beingpassed from LNA 70 into bandpass filter 192. Bandpass filter 192 passesa single amplified RF signal into the phased sample and hold circuit198. A local oscillator (LO) 194 generates a local clocking signaloperating at a desired frequency (usually a multiple of the desiredcarrier frequency) to provide control and timing of the phased sampleand hold circuit 198 which processes the single RF signal as known toone skilled in the art and outputs the RF signal into the A/Dsigma-delta converter 200. Analog-to-digital sigma-delta converter 200converts the RF signal and transmits the converted RF signal intodigital down-converter 202. Digital down converter 202 creates I and Qdigital signals which are used as inputs for channelizer 204. In someembodiments, the output from analog-to-digital (A/D) sigma-deltaconverter 200, digital down-converter 202, or channelizer 204 may beused as the first receiver output 36 for operational transmitter 30.

As illustrated by FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the radio frequency to basebanddown conversion device 68 may be implemented in any way known to oneskilled in the art. In these cases, a conventional analog digitalconversion module may not be required, as disclosed by various methods.It is expressly understood that the signal which is found in operationalreceiver 32 may be passed into operational transmitter 30 at any pointafter appropriate preparation. It is expressly understood that, in someembodiments, it is preferable that the signal from be taken at a pointwithin radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68 after thesignal had been converted into a digital signal.

FIGS. 1-11 illustrate some embodiments of implementing the structuralrelationship of elements within integrated wideband transceiver 12,while FIGS. 12, 13, and 14 illustrate some of the ways of operatingintegrated wideband transceiver 12. As will be appreciated by oneskilled in the art, when multiple signals are transmitted eitherconcurrently or consecutively, an operation scheme may be used toprevent signals from suffering from interference created by othersignals, thereby permitting signals to be sent and received accuratelyand reliably. Types of operation schemes include, but are not limitedto, time division duplex and frequency division duplex operationschemes. In time division duplex, signals are sent and received atdifferent times to avoid two signals interfering with each other. Infrequency division duplex, signals are sent and received at differentfrequencies to avoid two signals from interfering with each other. Whilefrequency division duplex and time division duplex operations arediscussed in detail in this disclosure, it is expressly understood thatany operation scheme could be used consistent with the presentdisclosure, including, but not limited to combinations of frequencydivision duplex and time division duplex.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram 210 of one implementation of the integratedwideband transceiver 12 using a time division duplex radio operation. Inthis embodiment the uplink and downlink are time duplexed (the downlinkand uplink functions are used at different times). For the purpose ofclarity, when the terms “uplink” and “downlink” are used in reference tothe element integrated wideband transceiver 12 found in FIG. 1,throughout FIGS. 12, 13, and 14, downlink is intended to refer to asignal which is transmitted from integrated wideband transceiver 12, anduplink is intended to refer to a signal which is received by integratedwideband transceiver 12.

In the embodiment illustrated by FIG. 12, The X-axis of this diagramrepresents time, while the Y axis represents the signal. Four signalsare plotted on this diagram, and where a signal is active, a box appearsto correspond with the signal to illustrate that both the signal isactive and what kind of signal is active. Signal 212 illustrates whetherthe uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) signal is currently active, and is usedto display the status of all send and receive signals being received orsent by integrated wideband transceiver 12. Signal 214 is the ULreceiver (Rx) signal. Signal 214 is active when signal 212 is in the ULmode. Signal 216 is the Feedback (FB) receiver (Rx) signal. Signal 216is active when signal 212 is in the DL mode.

The present disclosure teaches systems and methods that permit a commonreceiver to perform both the FB Rx and UL Rx operations. Signal 218,which is the Shared Rx signal, is an example of using a common receiver,such as operational receiver 32, for both the FB Rx and UL Rx signals.Since operational receiver 32 is active when the operational transmitter30 is inactive, when signal 212 is active with a DL signal, operationalreceiver 32 is active and capable of acting as the feedback receiver.When signal 212 is active with a UL signal, operational receiver 32 isactive and capable of acting as the UL receiver.

In embodiments using time division duplex radio operations, the point ofinjection of the feedback signal in to the uplink receiver would bechosen to minimize the impact of the large Tx signal on the receiversensitivity. Nominally this would be after the LNA but this is not arequirement. A single uplink receiver could be shared across multipletransmitters in cases where the number of downlink chains is higher thanthe number of uplink chains.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram 230 of one implementation of the enhancedwideband receiver using frequency division duplex radio operation.Unlike time division duplex radio operation, in frequency divisionduplex radio operation where the uplink and downlink operatecontinuously but in different frequency spectrum. In this radiooperation, an uplink receiver of sufficient bandwidth replaces both the‘feedback receiver’ and the uplink receiver so that it cansimultaneously observe both frequency spectrum (downlink and uplink).FIG. 13 is similar to FIG. 12, except that the X-axis of FIG. 13represents frequency.

In the example shown in FIG. 13, four signals are plotted on thisdiagram. Unlike FIG. 12, the signals shown in FIG. 13 may besimultaneous, (e.g. the DL and UL signal may operate concurrently).Signal 232 is illustrates that a UL signal and DL are operating atdifferent frequencies. Signal 234 shows that the UL Rx signal isoperating at the same frequency as the UL signal. Signal 236 shows thatthe FB Rx signal is operating at the same frequency as the DL signal.Signal 238 shows the Shared Rx signal of the operational receiver 32which is operable at both the frequency of the UL and the frequency ofthe DL signal.

As shown, in FIG. 13, frequency division duplex operation means that afeedback signal is always available to operational transmitter 30. Thisis in contrast to the previously discussed time division duplexoperation where a signal is only available with the DL signal is active.The draw back of this approach is that the UL Rx hardware in thefrequency division duplex operation must be capable of a much largerfrequency range to allow the frequency division duplex receiver toconstantly monitor both the send domain and the receive domain. It isunderstood that in this case since the UL Rx hardware needs to span alarger duplex frequency to observe both the uplink and the downlinksignals there will be a cost/power/area increase. However, this may beoffset by the benefits accrued by eliminating the feedback receiver.Alternatively, the two signals (UL Rx and FB Rx) could be moved closertogether by any way known to one skilled in the art, including, but notlimited to techniques including aliasing or mixing or folding so thatthe receiver need only be as wide as the combined signals. This wouldmean that there would be no need to span the entire duplex frequency.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a shared switching mechanism 250 used byanother implementation of the enhanced wideband receiver using frequencydivision duplex radio operation illustrating one technique of mixing thesignal into the receiver. In this instance it may be possible to timeshare the FB portion of the receiver if an additional circuit is used toalias or mix or fold the feedback signal e.g. that input branch of thereceiver can be switched to multiple locations while uplink receivefunction remains operational. This approach combines the advantages offrequency division duplex operation with the advantages of time divisionduplex operation, as the receiver only has to monitor a limited duplexfrequency range while still being able to access the feedback signal atany time.

In this embodiment, a shared switching mechanism 250 comprises switch264 with a first position 262 and second position 260, a FrequencyTranslation (FB) 254, a Frequency Translation (UL) 256, and a finaldown-conversion 252. The shared switching mechanism 250 is connectedwithin integrated wideband transceiver 12 so that the output fromfinal-down conversion 252 is transmitted into radio frequency tobaseband down conversion device 68, and the input from switch 264 may,in some embodiments, be from operational transmitter 30. First position262 may accept input from source including, but not limited to, firsttransmitter output 34, or another operational transmitter. Secondposition 260 may accept input from antenna 16, be connected to a ground,first transmitter output 34, or another operational transmitter. It isexpressly understood that the point where a signal is drawn from firstposition 262 and second position 260 when both first position 262 andsecond position 260 are connected to operational transmitter 30 may notbe the same.

In the example shown in FIG. 14, LNA 70 feeds a signal from antenna 16into Frequency Translation (UL) 256. Switch 264 feeds a signal intoFrequency Translation (FB) 254. The signal from switch 264 may come fromoperational transmitter 30, ground, antenna 16, or another operationaltransmitter. Frequency Translation (UL) 256 and Frequency Translation(FB) 254 feed a signal into final down-conversion 252. This signal thenmay be passed to radio frequency to baseband down conversion device 68or other element known to one skilled in the art. The purpose of sharedswitching mechanism 250 is to time share the FB receiver among multipletransmitters and LNA 70. This process permits the radio frequency tobaseband down conversion device 68 to receive alternative inputs basedupon whether the operational receiver is generating a signal forcommunication device 14 or for operational transmitter 30, as known toone skilled in the art.

It is contemplated that integrated wideband transceiver 12 may be anykind of digital signal, including, but not limited to, signalscompatible with any one or more of the following communicationsstandards: global system for mobile communications (GSM), enhanced datarates for GSM evolution (EDGE), universal mobile telecommunicationsSystem (UMTS), code division multiple access (CDMA), WiMAX (IEEE§802.16d and §802.16e), IEEE §802.20, 3GPP, 3GPP2, LTE, or any othertype of digital signal. It is further expressly contemplated that aplurality of dissimilar signal types may be transmitted into integratedwideband transceiver 12. This combination may be done in any way knownin the art, including, but not limited to, time domain combining andfrequency domain combining

As shown in FIG. 15, disclosed integrated wideband transceiver system 10design may be incorporated into a base station controller removing therequirement for a separate a transmitter 284 and a receiver 294.Exemplary base station 280 is a medium to high-power multi-channel,two-way radio in a fixed location. Typically it may be used bylow-power, single-channel, two-way radios or wireless devices such asmobile phones, portable phones and wireless routers. Base station 280may comprise a signal controller 282 that is coupled to a transmitter284 and a receiver 294. Transmitter 284 and receiver 294 (or combinedtransceiver) is further coupled to an antenna 286. In base station 280,digital signals are processed in signal controller 282. The digitalsignals may be signals for a wireless communication system, such assignals that convey voice or data intended for a mobile terminal (notshown). Base station 280 may employ any suitable wireless technologiesor standards such as 2G, 2.5G, 3G, GSM, IMT-2000, UMTS, iDEN, GPRS,1xEV-DO, EDGE, DECT, PDC, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, W-CDMA, LTE, TD-CDMA,TD-SCDMA, GMSK, OFDM, WiMAX, the family of IEEE §802.11 standards, thefamily of IEEE §802.16 standards, IEEE §802.20, etc. Signal controller282 then transmits the digital signals to transmitter 284, whichincludes a channel processing circuitry 288. Channel processingcircuitry 288 encodes each digital signal, and a radio frequency (RF)generator 290 modulates the encoded signals onto an RF signal. Theresulting output signal is transmitted over antenna 286 to the mobileterminal Antenna 286 also receives signals sent to base station 280 fromthe mobile terminal Antenna 286 couples the signal to receiver 294 thatdemodulates them into digital signals and transmits them to signalcontroller 282 where they may be relayed to an external network 292.Base station 280 may also comprise auxiliary equipment such as coolingfans or air exchangers for the removal of heat from base station 280.

In an embodiment, one or more embodiments of integrated widebandtransceiver system 10 may be incorporated into base station 280 in lieuof parts, if not all, of generator 290, which may decrease the capitalcosts and power usage of base station 280. The power amplifierefficiency measures the usable output signal power relative to the totalpower input, The power not used to create an output signal is typicallydissipated as heat. In large systems such as base station 280, the heatgenerated in may require cooling fans and other associated coolingequipment that may increase the cost of base station 280, requireadditional power, increase the overall size of the base station housing,and require frequent maintenance. Increasing the efficiency of basestation 280 may eliminate the need for some or all of the coolingequipment. Further, the supply power to integrated wideband transceiversystem 10 may be reduced since it may more efficiently be converted to ausable signal. The physical size of base station 280 and the maintenancerequirements may also be reduced due to the reduction of coolingequipment. This may enable base station 280 equipment to be moved to thetop of a base station tower, allowing for shorter transmitter cable runsand reduced costs. In an embodiment, base station 280 has an operatingfrequency ranging from about 450 MHz to about 3.5 GHz.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the artwithout departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. Theembodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not intended tobe limiting. Many variations and modifications of the inventiondisclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the invention.Where numerical ranges or limitations are expressly stated, such expressranges or limitations should be understood to include iterative rangesor limitations of like magnitude falling within the expressly statedranges or limitations (e.g., from about 1 to about 10 includes, 2, 3, 4,etc,; greater than 0.10 includes 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, etc.). Use of broaderterms such as “comprises”, “includes”, “having”, etc. should beunderstood to provide support for narrower terms such as “consistingof”, “consisting essentially of”, “comprised substantially of”, etc.

Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the descriptionset out above but is only limited by the claims which follow, that scopeincluding all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each andevery claim is incorporated into the specification as an embodiment ofthe present invention. Thus, the claims are a further description andare an addition to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.The discussion of a reference in the Description of Related Art is notan admission that it is prior art to the present invention, especiallyany reference that may have a publication date after the priority dateof this application. The disclosures of all patents, patentapplications, and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated byreference, to the extent that they provide exemplary, procedural orother details supplementary to those set forth herein.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An integrated transceiver comprising: atransmitter configured to convert baseband communication signals intocorresponding radio frequency (RF) communication signals; and a receiverconfigured to receive an analog RF signal from the transmitter andgenerate a digital baseband feedback signal using at least in part theanalog RF signal received from the transmitter, wherein the transmitterreceives the digital baseband feedback signal from the receiver as partof a feedback loop for the transmitter and adjusts operation of thetransmitter based upon the digital baseband feedback signal receivedfrom the receiver.
 2. The integrated transceiver of claim 1, wherein thefeedback loop for the transmitter is a closed feedback loop.
 3. Theintegrated transceiver of claim 1, wherein the transmitter and thereceiver are directly coupled to one another.
 4. The integratedtransceiver of claim 1, wherein the integrated transceiver is configuredto operate in time division duplex mode.
 5. The integrated transceiverof claim 1, wherein the integrated transceiver is configured to operatein frequency division duplex mode.
 6. The integrated transceiver ofclaim 1, wherein the transmitter comprises a power amplifier and abaseband to RF up-converter feeding the power amplifier.
 7. Theintegrated transceiver of claim 6, wherein the analog RF signal sentfrom the transmitter to the receiver is tapped from a location selectedfrom a group consisting of: the baseband to RF up-converter; the poweramplifier; an output of the baseband to RF up-converter; an input of thepower amplifier; and an output of the power amplifier.
 8. The integratedtransceiver of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises an RF to basebanddown-converter and a low noise amplifier feeding the RF to basebanddown-converter.
 9. The integrated transceiver of claim 8, wherein thedigital baseband feedback signal sent from the receiver to thetransmitter is tapped from a location selected from a group consistingof: the RF to baseband down-converter; an output of the RF to basebanddown-converter; and a location downstream of the RF to basebanddown-converter.
 10. A method for operating an integrated transceiver,the method comprising: receiving a digital baseband signal in atransmitter; converting the digital signal to an analog radio frequency(RF) signal in the transmitter; sending the analog RF signal from thetransmitter to a receiver; generating a digital baseband signal in thereceiver using at least in part the analog RF signal received from thetransmitter; sending the digital baseband signal from the receiver tothe transmitter for use as feedback; and adjusting a transmission of thetransmitter using the feedback received from the receiver.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the transmitter and receiver togetheroperate as a closed feedback loop for the transmitter.
 12. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the transmitter and receiver are directly coupled toone another such that a separate receiver feedback loop is not requiredfor the transmitter.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the transmittercomprises a power amplifier and a baseband to RF up-converter feedingthe power amplifier, and the method comprises tapping the analog RFsignal sent from the transmitter to the receiver from a locationselected from a group consisting of: the baseband to RF up-converter;the power amplifier; an output of the baseband to RF up-converter; aninput of the power amplifier; and an output of the power amplifier. 14.The method of claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises an RF to basebanddown-converter and a low noise amplifier feeding the RF to basebanddown-converter, and the method comprises tapping the digital basebandfeedback signal sent from the receiver to the transmitter from alocation selected from a group consisting of: the RF to basebanddown-converter; an output of the RF to baseband down-converter; and alocation downstream of the RF to baseband down-converter.
 15. A methodfor operating an integrated transceiver, the method comprising:converting a digital signal to an analog radio frequency (RF) signal ina transmitter; tapping the analog RF signal at the transmitter for usein a receiver; generating a digital baseband signal in the receiverbased at least in part upon the analog RF signal taken from thetransmitter; tapping the digital baseband signal at the receiver for useas feedback in the transmitter; and adjusting a transmission of thetransmitter using the feedback taken from the receiver.
 16. The methodof claim 15, wherein the analog RF signal used by the receiver isdirectly tapped from the transmitter.
 17. The method of claim 16,wherein the digital baseband signal used as feedback by the transmitteris directly tapped from the transmitter.
 18. The method of claim 15,wherein the transmitter is directly coupled to the receiver.
 19. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the interconnection of the transmitter andthe receiver comprises a closed feedback loop for the transmitter duringoperation.